<<
Mar 05| HISTORY 4
2DAY |Mar 07 >> Events, deaths, births, of MAR 06 v.9.30
[For Mar 06 Julian go to Gregorian date: 1583~1699: Mar 16 1700s: Mar 17 1800s: Mar 18 1900~2099: Mar 19] |
2000 Three White New York police officers are convicted
of a cover-up in the cruel brutal police station torture of Haitian immigrant
Abner Louima. The convictions would be outrageously overturned in 2002 because
of insufficient evidence.
1994 La mayoría de los votantes de Moldavia se pronuncia en segundo referendum contra la reunificación con Rumania.
|
![]() Helmut Kohl, the interim chancellor of West Germany since the fall of Helmut Schmidt’s Social Democrat government in the previous year, is elected German chancellor as his Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party is voted back into power. Elected as Rhine-Palatinate state premier in 1969, Kohl served the post until 1976, when he became federal chairman of the CDU and led the opposition to Chancellor Schmidt’s government. In 1982, with Germany suffering under persistent economic difficulties, he organized a successful no-confidence vote in the West German parliament against Schmidt and was subsequently named interim chancellor. In March of 1983, the West German people confirmed him as chancellor and in 1987, German economic recovery led to his reelection. In the fall of 1989, the Communist government of East Germany collapsed, and Kohl led the efforts to reunify the two Germanys. In March of 1990, in the first all-German elections in six decades, Kohl was elected the first chancellor of a reunified Germany. During his third term as chancellor, Kohl oversaw the formidable task of absorbing East Germany’s crippled economy into the West, and was an advocate of the movement for a united Europe. In 1994, he was elected to a fourth term. Increasing unemployment in Germany and Kohl’s cuts to the country’s welfare system led to his defeat against Gerhard Schroder and the Social Democrats in 1998. Late in 1999, Kohl admittited receiving secret cash donations to the CDU over a period of years and refused to name the donors. In January 2000, prosecutors in Berlin began a case against Kohl for possible breach of trust. 000119 Kohl resigned as CDU honorary chairman. 000227 the CDU suffered a grave electoral defeat. |
1980 La escritora Marguerite Yourcenar, primera mujer
elegida miembro de la Academia Francesa.
1959 Farthest radio signal heard (Pioneer IV, 600'000 km) 1957 The former British African colonies of the Gold Coast and Togoland become Ghana, dominion of the British Commonwealth. It would achieve independence as the Republic of Ghana in1960. |
|
1934 Por primera vez en la historia, el Partido Laborista de Gran Bretaña gana las elecciones generales. 1933 A nationwide bank holiday declared by US President F. D. Roosevelt geos into effect. 1932 Charles Lindbergh receives a note (postmarked Brooklyn, New York, March 4) demanding $70'000 for the return of Charles Jr., 20-months old, who was kidnapped.on 01 March, when a first ransom note demanding $50'000 had been found. 1929 Por primera vez en España se transmite por radio un estreno teatral, el de la obra Las hogueras de San Juan, de Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, desde el Teatro Español, de Madrid 1911 Alvaro de Figueroa y Torres conde de Romanones es elegido presidente del Consejo de Ministros de España. 1896 first auto in Detroit, Charles B King rides his "Horseless Carriage"
1881 A los 28 años de edad, ingresa en la Real Academia Española el polígrafo Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo. |
^
1869 La classification
périodique des éléments On doit cette représentation des constituants de la matière à un chimiste russe de 35 ans, né à Tobolsk, en Sibérie, Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleïev. Faute de disposer d'un bon manuel, ce professeur renommé de l'université de Saint-Pétersbourg rédige lui-même un ouvrage en deux volumes sur les «Principes de la chimie». Ce travail l'amène à réfléchir sur la manière d'ordonner les 63 éléments chimiques déjà connus comme l'hydrogène, l'oxygène, le fer, le carbone,... En classant ces éléments d'après le poids de leur atome, il observe que leurs propriétés chimiques se répètent à intervalles réguliers. C'est ainsi que le 6 mars 1869, il présente devant la Société chimique russe un projet de classification périodique à lignes et à colonnes, où tous les éléments d'une même colonne affichent des propriétés comparables. Deux ans plus tard, il améliore le tableau en prévoyant des cases vides pour des éléments encore inconnus. La célébrité lui vient en 1875, lorsque le chimiste Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran ayant découvert un nouvel élément, le gallium, celui-ci trouve exactement sa place dans le tableau. Les travaux de Mendeleïev témoignent de l'essor de la science et des techniques au milieu du XIXe siècle, y compris en Russie, où la culture s'épanouit sous le règne du meilleur tsar qu'aient jamais eu les Russes, Alexandre II. Rien qu'en 1869, les Occidentaux peuvent assister à l'invention de la «houille blanche» (l'électricité produite par les chutes d'eau) ainsi qu'à l'inauguration du canal de Suez et, aux Etats-Unis, du premier chemin de fer transcontinental. Dix ans plus tard, la montée des nationalismes et des intolérances commenceront de mettre à mal la foi des Européens dans le progrès. With so many elements already found and the possibility of more being discovered, chemists needed a way to organize them. Many systems were tried in order to make some sort of pattern in their properties to match the table. The modern periodic table, based on atomic number and electron configuration, was created primarily by a Russian chemist, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, and a German physicist, Julius Lothar Meyer, both working independently. They both created similar periodic tables only a few months apart in 1869. Mendeleev created the first periodic table based on atomic weight. He observed that many elements had similar properties, and that they occur periodically, hence the name, periodic table. From this, he made the periodic law. His periodic law states that the chemical and physical properties of the elements vary in a periodic way with their atomic weights. The modern one states that the properties vary with atomic number, not weight. For example, the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium have similar chemical properties. The elements that immediate follow them, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium, also have similar chemical properties. Elements in Mendeleev's table were arranged in rows called periods. The columns were called groups. Elements of each group had similar properties. By Mendeleev's theory, they should have been perfectly arranged by increasing atomic weight. Since Mendeleev's table was based on atomic weight, some things didn't match perfectly. The reason for this discrepancy is the fact that atomic number (the number of protons in an atom), not atomic weight, determines the order of the elements in the table, the basis of the modern periodic table. [click on table for a new window with more information on each element] ![]() |
1865 Lincoln appoints Hugh McCullogh as United States
Secretary of the Treasury 1862 Siege of New Madrid, Missouri continues 1862 Gran incendio en el Alcázar de Segovia, sede de la Academia de Artillería desde tiempos de Carlos III.
1812 Un terremoto facilita al capitán español Domingo Monteverde la toma de Caracas (Venezuela). 1728 Se firma en Madrid el convenio de El Pardo, que significa el fracaso de la alianza española con Austria y la aceptación, de nuevo, del tratado de Utrecht. 1714 Se firma el tratado de paz que pone fin a las luchas entre Francia y Austria en la Guerra de Sucesión española. 1629 In Germany, the Edict of Restitution ordered that all church property secularized since 1552 be restored to the Roman Catholic Church. 1521 Magellan discovers Guam 1460 Treaty of Alcacovas Portugal gives Castile Canary Islands for West Africa |
![]() 2008 Paulos Faraj Rahho [20 Nov 1942–] [photo >], Chaldean Catholic archbishop of Mossul, Iraq, dies captive of terrorists who, on 29 February 2008, abducted him from his car, while killing his driver, Faris Gorgis Khoder, and his bodyguards; Ramy and Samir. Together with subdeacons Basman Yousef Daud, Wahid Hanna Isho, and Gassan Isam Bidawed, the archbishop's secretary Father Ragheed Aziz Ganni [20 Jan 1972–] had been murdered on 03 June 2007. Rahho was ordained a priest on 10 June 1965 and consecrated a bishop on 16 February 2001. —(080313) 2007 Some 120 Shi'ah Muslim pilgrims and two joint suicide bombers in Hilla, Iraq. Some 160 are wounded. The crowd of pilgrims was traveling on foot to attend in Karbala on 09 March 2007 the massive celebration of Arba'in al Husayn, for the grandson of Muhammad [], Husayn ibn Ali [626 – 10 Oct 680 = 03 Sha'ban 4 HE – 10 Muharram 61 AH] who was killed in the Battle of Karbala which crystallized the division between Sunni and Shi'a Islam, and is commemorated on Ashurah, the start of a 40-day mourning period for Husayn which ends on Arba'in. —(070306) 2007 Some 200 persons in magnitude 6.3 earthquake at 10:50 (03:50 UT) with epicenter 30km deep at 0º32' S 100º30' E, 50 km NNE of Padang, in southern Sumatra, Indonesia, followed by a magnitude 6.1 aftershock at 12:49 (05.49 UT) with epicenter just 4km away, and lesser aftershocks later. —(070306) 2006 (approximate date) Thomas William “Tom” Fox [07 Jul 1951–], Quaker peace activist murdered after torture by the terrorists who, on 26 October 2005, took him hostage together with his fellow peace activists James Loney, 41; Harmeet Singh Sooden [24 Mar 1973~]; and Norman Kember [27 March 1931~]. —(060312) 2006 Munir Abu Suker, 30; Iyad Abu Shaouf; and two passers-by; as an Israeli missile fired from an aircraft hits its target, Suker's car, traveling in the Sajaya neighborhood of Gaza City. Suker was a senior Islamic Jihad commander involved in bomb attacks against Israeli security forces and in the firing of Kassam rockets at Israeli civilian targets. He was also involved in smuggling weapons and operatives back and forth between Gaza and Sinai in order to facilitate their crossing into Israel to launch terror attacks. Shaouf, also an Islamic Jihad member, was in the car with him. 7 passers-by, including two children, are wounded. —(060306)
2004 Mohammed Abu-Diyeh, 18, of Hamas; 3 other Palestinian terrorists; and Palestinian policemen Bashir Abu-Omrein, 28, and Hussam Aliwah, 28, in a botched large-scale attack by militants at the Erez crossing between the Gaza Strip and Israel in the morning. The attackers used three jeeps in the attack, with at least one disguised as an Israel Defense Forces military vehicle with forged license plates. The first jeep, laden with explosives, was detonated near a Palestinian police outpost, likely due to the policemen's refusal to allow the jeep to cross the checkpoint into Israel. At least one militant and the two policemen were killed. The second jeep was detonated farther north on the Palestinian side of the border crossing. A militant who drove the jeep was killed in the explosion. The two militants in the third jeep, disguised as an Israeli military vehicle, approached the southernmost IDF position, near the V.I.P crossing. The jeep crashed into the IDF position's gate; one militant, dressed in an IDF uniform and armed with an AK-47 assault rifle, exited the vehicle and fired at the Israeli troops, which returned fire and killed the two militants. Abu-Diyeh was from Gaza City's Rimal neighborhood. The Palestinian policemen apparently confronted the militants, in an attempt to prevent them from crossing with their vehicles into Israel. Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah called their joint attack a "self-sacrifice operation" in a message posted on the Hamas web site. 2004 Palestinian policeman Taher Abu Sariyeh, 19, killed in the early morning by Israeli troops in the Tul Karm refugee camp, during a clash between Israeli soldiers and dozens of stone throwers, including many children on their way to school. Abu Sariyeh was in uniform at the time of his death and carried a handgun. 2003:: 96 of the 97 passengers and all 6 of the crew of Air Algérie Flight 6289, a Boeing 737 which crashes, with one engine on fire, a few minutes after it took off from Tamanrasset, Algeria, bound for Algiers. The lone survivor, a young Algerian soldier, is critically injured. 2003 Mitchell Shubert, 39, from injuries suffered on 20 March 2003 in the fire of The Station nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island, which killed 96 persons immediately. He is the third of the 187 persons injured to die later. He suffered scarring in his lungs from breathing in smoke and flames and has bad burns on his back, face, hands and one arm. He was a construction superintendent from Newberry, Florida. 2003 Julian Lawrence Shapiro “John B. Sanford”, 98, US novelist, historian and memoirist. His memoir of his life from 1904 to 1927, The Color of the Air: Scenes From the Life of an American Jew, Volume I, was published in 1985. Four more volumes in the autobiographical series followed. His career as a writer was hurt by his membership in the Communist Party and his related blacklisting. He mostly wrote novels until 1975, when he began collections of historical vignettes as well as autobiographical and other works. In 1982 his novel A Man Without Shoes, which he had finished in 1947, was finally published. In all, Sanford published 24 books. 2002 Ralph Rumney, of cancer, English avant-garde untalented artist born on 05 June 1934. He wrote his autobiography in French: Le Consul (1999). — links to two worthless images. 2002 Abdel-Rahman Ghazal, of the military wing of Hamas, in an explosion at his home in Gaza City. 2002 Abdulghani Abu Daqa, 50, Palestinian, bleeding to death after being shot by the Israeli soldiers who prevent paramedics from reaching him for three hours. The al-Aqsa intifada body count is now at least 956 Palestinians and 313 Israelis. 2002 Jamal Abu Hamad, 29, Palesitinia, killed by Israeli soldiers in an incursion in Abassan. 2002 Alexander Nastarenko, 37, of Netanya, Israeli reservist corporal, by Palestinian gunmen who crossed the border fence and ambush his army jeep on the patrol road near Kibbutz Nir Oz. 2002 Three Danish and two German peacekeeping soldiers, in an accidental explosion while trying to destroy SA-3 anti-aircraft missiles at a munitions site in Kabul, Afghanistan. 2001: 54 children and teachers, as four classrooms are destroyed by an explosion in an elementary school in the village of Fang Lin, Jiangxi province, China. 27 others are injured. The explosion is in fireworks being assembled by third-graders contracted by a local business for the benefit of teachers, despite the long-standing protestations of parents. 2001 Nathan Mitchell, 33, struck by a train in Biloxi, Mississipi, while he, an animal control officer, is trying to catch a pitbull dog that had been running loose. 1998 A Connecticut state lottery accountant, and three supervisors and the lottery chief which he shoots before killing himself. 1997 Michael Norman Manley, político y periodista jamaicano. 1994 Melina Mercouri, born on 18 October 1925, Greek movie actress and political activist who was the minister of culture in Greece's first Socialist government (1981). Author of autobiography, I Was Born Greek (1971). 1992 María Helena Vieira da Silva, Portuguese-born (13 June 1908) French painter — more with links to images. 1986 Georgia O'Keeffe, 98, in Santa Fe. She had gained worldwide fame for her austere minimalist paintings of the US southwest. MORE ON O'KEEFFE AT ART 4 MARCH with links to images. 1981 Klaus Grabowski, child molester, shot by parent. 1973 Pearl Comfort Sydenstricker Buck, US author noted for her novels about China (Good Earth) born on 26 June 1892. Premio Nobel 1938. 1964 King Paul I of Hellenes, born on 14 December 1901. 1950 Albert Lebrun, born on 29 August 1871, 14th and last president (10 May 1932 – July 1940) of France's Third Republic. Author of autobiography Témoignages (1945). 1944 Alexandr Petrovich Kotelnikov, 78, university professor of mathematics (vector calculus in Lobachevsty space) |
^
1940 Day 97 of Winter War:
USSR aggression against Finland. More deaths due to Stalin's desire to grab Finnish territory. Soviets agree to start talks, delegation under prime minister Ryti heads for Moscow. In the IV Corps area, enemy breaches the siege of 168th Division In Ladoga Karelia, the Soviet 11th Division launches a tank-supported offensive against the Finnish-controlled islands in the Pitkäranta sector at 9 o'clock in the morning. The offensive is preceded by a fierce three-hour artillery bombardment during which approximately 10'000 enemy shells rain down on the Finnish positions. In this way the Russians manage to break through the Pitkäranta section of the blockade encircling the great Kitelä 'motti'. The Finnish counterattack in Vilaniemi is unsuccessful. Russians also come ashore in Karjaniemi and Niskapohja. In the Sintolanniemi sector on the Isthmus the Russians cross the Vuoksi on a 2 km front. Paimio, Petäjä, Maksima and other islands on the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga are under heavy enemy shelling. 50 men from the municipality of Rantasalmi are killed. Foreign Minister Tanner asks the Allies for an extension of the deadline for requesting military assistance. Finland is given until the 12th of March to make a formal request. The Soviet Union announces its readiness to open talks with Finland in Moscow, but will not agree a ceasefire until the talks are actually underway. The Finnish Government meets twice to consider the composition of the Finnish delegation for the Moscow peace talks. In the evening, the Finnish delegation under the leadership of Prime Minister Risto Ryti leaves for Stockholm en route to Moscow. The other members of the delegation were J.K. Paasikivi, Rudolf Walden and Väinö Voionmaa. In San Francisco, the great Finnish runner Taisto Mäki wins a three-mile race in 14 minutes 15.3 seconds in an event organized to raise funds for Finland. ^ Neuvostoliitto ilmoittaa suostuvansa aloittamaan neuvottelut Suomen kanssa Talvisodan 98. päivä, 06.maaliskuuta.1940 Vihollisen 11. Divisioona aloittaa klo 9 Pitkärannan suunnalla panssarien tukemana hyökkäyksen suomalaisten hallussa olevia saaria vastaan. Vihollisen hyökkäystä edeltää kolmen tunnin mittainen rajutykistövalmistelu: vihollinen ampuu 10 000 tykinlaukausta. Näin Laatokan pohjoispuolella venäläiset murtavat Kitelän suurmotin saartorenkaan Pitkärannan alueella. Suomalaisten vastahyökkäys Vilaniemessä epäonnistuu. Venäläisiä pääsee maihin myös Karjaniemessä ja Niskapohjassa.Venäläiset hyökkäävät yli 2 km leveänä rintamana Sintolanniemen lohkolla Vuoksen yli. Laatokan itärannan saaret, mm. Paimio, Petäjä ja Maksima ovat vihollisen ankaran keskityksen kohteena. Rantasalmen pitäjästä kaatuu 50 miestä. Ulkoministeri Tanner anoo lisäaikaa liittoutuneilta lopullisen avunpyynnön esittämistä varten. Lopulliseksi määräpäiväksi ilmoitetaan 12. päivä kuluvaa kuuta, jolloin Suomen virallinen avunpyyntö on esitettävä. Neuvostoliitto ilmoittaa suostuvansa neuvottelujen aloittamiseen Suomenkanssa Moskovassa, mutta ei suostu aselepoon ennen kuin neuvottelut on saatu käyntiin. Suomen hallitus kokoontuu kahdesti selvittämään neuvottelu-valtuuskunnan kokoonpanoa. Pääministeri Risto Rytin johtama valtuuskunta lähtee illalla Tukholman kautta Moskovaan. Valtuuskuntaan kuuluvat pääministerin lisäksi Paasikivi, Walden ja Voionmaa. Ulkomailta: Juoksijasuuruus Taisto Mäki voittaa San Fransiscossa järjestetyn ensimmäisen Suomi-keräyksen yhteydessä pidetyn juoksukilpailun. Matka on 3 mailia, Mäen aika 14.15,3. ^ Sovjet meddelar att fredsförhandlingar med Finland kan inledas Vinterkrigets 98 dag, den 06 mars 1940 Med stöd av pansarvagnar går fiendens 11. Division till attack i riktning Pitkäranta mot de öar som finnarna har kontrollen över. Fiendens anfall föregås av en tre timmars häftig artilleriförberedning: fienden skjuter 10 000 kanonskott. Norr om Ladoga bryter ryssarna ner cerneringsringen vid Kitelä stormotti på området kring Pitkäranta. Finlands motstöt i Vilaniemi misslyckas. Ryssarna lyckas gå i land också vid Karjaniemi och Niskapohja. Ryssarna anfaller på en över 2 km lång front över Vuoksen på avsnittet i Sintolanniemi. Öarna längs den östra stranden av Ladoga, bl.a. Paimo, Petäjä och Maksima är föremål för fiendens stränga koncentration. Över 50 man hemma från Rantasalmi socken stupar. Utrikesminister Tanner begär om extra tid av de allierade för den slutliga anhållan om bistånd. Den sista dagen som Finland kan framföra sin officiella anhållan om bistånd uppges vara den 12 innevarande månad. Sovjetunionen meddelar att fredsförhandlingar med Finland kan inledas i Moskva, men går inte med på vapenvila förrän förhandlingarna har satts igång. Finlands regering samlas två gånger för att fastställa fredsdelegationens sammansättning. Statsminister Risto Ryti leder delegationen som på kvällen reser via Stockholm till Moskva. Till delegationen hör förutom statsministern Paasikivi, Walden och Voionmaa. Utrikes: I San Fransisco vinner den store löparen Taisto Mäki en löptävling som arrangeras i anslutning till den första Finlandsinsamlingen. Sträckan är 3 amerikanska mil och Mäki löper den på tiden 14.15,3. |
1939 Carl
Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann, 86, first to prove that p
(pi) is transcendental. 1937 Otto Rudolf, born on 25 September 1869, Prussian theologian, philosopher, and historian of religion, who exerted worldwide influence through his investigation of man's experience of the holy. Das Heilige (1917) is his most important work. 1935 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., in Washington, retired Supreme Court Justice, born on 08 March 1841. 1930 Alfred von Tirpitz, retired Prussian admiral born on 19 March 1849, the chief builder of the German Navy in the 17 years preceding World War I and a dominant personality of the emperor William II's reign.
|
1903 Gaston Paris, greatest French philologist of his
age, born on 09 August 1839. After studying in German universities and at
the École des Chartes in Paris, he succeeded his father as professor of
French medieval literature at the Collège de France. He was one of the founders
and directors of Revue critique and of Romania, the leading
journal devoted to French philology. A scholar of enormous erudition and
exemplary thoroughness, Paris is also remarkable for his efforts to present
the findings of research in a form suitable for the general reading public.
He became a member of the Académie des Inscriptions in 1876 and of the French
Academy in 1896. 1900 Gottlieb Daimler designed first motorcycle
1796 Guillaume-Thomas Raynal, Catholic priest, Encyclopedist philosopher, born on 12 April 1713 (portrait engraving), author-editor of the 6-volume L'Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes (1770), who had called for the abolition of slavery. 1673 Daniel de Blieck, Dutch painter born in 1630. — links to images. 1531 Pedro Arias Dávila, más conocido por Pedrarias, Gobernador de Panamá y Nicaragua. 1447 Saint Colette, abbess, reformer of the Poor Clares and founder of the Colettine Poor Clares. Born on 13 January 1381, the daughter of a carpenter at the monastery of Corbie, she was orphaned at 17 and entered the third order of St. Francis, living in a hermitage given her by the abbot of Corbie. In a vision, St. Francis directed Colette to restore the Poor Clares to the original severity of their rule, which she undertook to do, in 1406, after visiting Antipope Benedict XIII and receiving his support. Despite initial opposition, her reform spread through Savoy, Burgundy, France, Flanders, and Spain, increasing notably after her death. |
1936 Marion S. Barry, Black mayor of Washington DC, who spent some time in prison on a drug charge.
1910 Kristian Torbensen “Ejler Bille”, Danish sculptor, painter, and writer. — more with link to an image. 1910 Eduardo Caballero Calderón, novelista y político colombiano. 1906 Lou Costello Paterson NJ, (Cristillo) (comedian, actor [Abbott and Costello]: "Who's on First?"). He died on 03 March 1959. 1901 Naum Iliich Akhiezer, mathematician whose main work was on function theory and approximation theory; died in 1980. 1885 Ring Lardner US, (sports reporter, humorist, writer: Alibi Ike, You Know Me Al, Elmer the Great, June Moon). He died on 25 September 1933. LARDNER ONLINE: The Big Town: How I and the Mrs. Go to New York to See Life and Get Katie a Husband Complete On-Line Works (illustrated) Gullible's Travels, Etc. You Know Me Al (illustrated) 1870 Oscar Straus, Austrian composer who died on 11 January 1954. 1866 Ettore Bortolotti, university professor of mathematics who worked mostly in topology, analysis, and the history of mathematics; died in 1947. 1847 Federico Andreotti, Italian painter who died in 1930. — more with links to images. 1834 George Louis Palmella Busson Du Maurier, British caricaturist whose illustrations for Punch were acute commentaries on the Victorian scene. He also wrote three successful novels. Du Maurier's happy childhood at Passy, France, is recalled in Peter Ibbetson (1891); his full-blooded enjoyment of student life in the Latin Quarter of Paris is reflected in Trilby (1894); in The Martian (1897) there is a poignant episode based on his own tragic experience of losing the sight of his left eye. This misfortune led him to abandon painting in favor of drawing. In 1860 he moved to London, where his skilled draftsmanship and engaging personality quickly established his success. His gently satiric caricatures were mainly aimed at the growing nouveau riche class and the aesthetes led by Oscar Wilde. His book illustrations and drawings for such periodicals as Once a Week and The Leisure Hour, however, are sometimes considered his best work. died on 06 October 1896. His granddaughter, novelist Daphne du Maurier [13 May 1907 – 19 Apr 1989], edited The Young George du Maurier: A Selection of His Letters, 1860–1867 (1951). A non-caricature drawing: Two Children in the Snow (21x33cm) ^ 1834 Toronto is established Toronto, formerly known as York, is incorporated as a city with controversial Canadian politician William Lyon Mackenzie as its first mayor. Initially a fur-trading post, Toronto was later the site of a French fort built to counteract British influence in the Niagara area. In 1793, the site, which had become home to a settlement of American loyalists, was chosen as the capital of Upper Canada and became known as York. In 1834, it was incorporated as the city of Toronto under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie. Mackenzie, a Scottish-born journalist, had immigrated to Upper Canada, now known as Ontario, in 1820. Soon after his arrival, Mackenzie became a leader of Canadian opposition to the "Family Compact," an aristocratic political organization that dominated Canadian politics and was made up almost entirely of members of the Church of England. In 1826, his printing press was destroyed, and beginning in 1828, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada by his constituency six times and expelled for "libel" five times. As a leader of the Reform Party of Upper Canada he went to London in 1832 to obtain redress of grievances, and in 1834, he became the first mayor of Toronto. In 1837, Mackenzie, enraged at the defeat of the Reform Party and the oppressive policies of the British lieutenant governor of Canada, launched a rebellion in the hope of seizing Toronto and making it independent of British rule. US citizens across the border sympathized with Mackenzie’s plight, and sent a small steamer across the Niagara to supply the rebel forces with arms. On 29 December, loyalist forces crossed over to the US side where the Caroline was moored, took up its anchor, set it afire, and sent the vessel over the Niagara Falls. One American was killed in the incident, and US General Winfield Scott was sent to the area to prevent a violent American reprisal. Mackenzie’s rebellion was promptly put down and he fled to British-claimed Navy Island in the Niagara River where he set up a provisional government with fortified headquarters. However, he was later arrested and imprisoned for eighteen months by US authorities for violating neutrality laws. The Caroline Affair added to the tense relations between the US and Great Britain in the years before the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. In 1849, Mackenzie was allowed to return to Canada under a general amnesty proclamation, and in 1851 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of United Canada. His grandson, William Lyon Mackenzie King, became a Canadian prime minister in the twentieth century. 1806 Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet who died on 29 June 1861. 1767 Charles Henri Marie Barbaroux, à Marseille, homme politique français. Avocat acquis aux idées révolutionnaires, il dirigea la section des fédérés marseillais, lors de la prise des Tuileries le 10 Aug 1792. Élu député des Bouches du Rhône à la Convention, il se rapprocha des Girondins, et lorsque ceux-ci furent éliminés du pouvoir par les Montagnards, il tenta d'organiser la résistance en Normandie (Caen 1793) avec Buzot [01 Mar 1760 – 20 Jun 1794] et Pétion de Villeneuve [03 Jan 1756 – 20 Jun 1794]; il échoua et fut condamné à mort et guillotiné le 25 juin 1794 (07 messidor an II) à Bordeaux où il s'était réfugié. ![]() 1722 Johann-Christian Brand, Austrian painter who died on 12 June 1795. — more with link to an image. 1619 Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, French big-nosed dramatist and novelist, in Paris. He studied under Pierre Gassendi. Cyrano died on 28 July 1655. His works include a tragedy, La Mort d'Agrippine (1654), a comedy, Le Pédant joué 1654), Lettres, and CYRANO ONLINE: BERGERAC ONLINE: L'Autre Monde ou les Etats et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil [Same, other site] (1656) Histoire comique des états et empires du soleil (1662) [Same, other site*] Le ministre d'estat flambé en vers burlesque* Oeuvres comiques galantes et littéraires* Les oeuvres diverses* (* means page images). He was the subject of Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac : comédie héroique en 5 actes, en vers. ![]() 1481 Baldassare Peruzzi, pintor y arquitecto italiano. 1475 Michelangelo Buonarroti Simoni [< image], painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. [Rime]. He died on 18 February 1564. MORE ON MICHELANGELO AT ART 4 MARCH with links to images. 1405 John II, King of Castile (1406-1454) who died on 21 July 1454. |
![]() |
![]() |