^
Deaths
which occurred on a 15 April:
2005
Twenty one persons, due to a fire starting at 02:21 (00:21 UT)
in the Paris-Opéra 6-story hotel, at 76 rue de Provence, behind the
department store Galeries Lafayette in the 9th arrondissement of Paris,
France. Fire fighters extinguish by 03:30 (01:30 UT) the fire, which started
on the second floor in a common dining room which had a microwave oven.
Ten of the dead are children. 53 persons are injured, 3 of whom died later.
The casualties are caused by fire, smoke inhalation, and 7 persons jumping
out of upper story windows. The rooms (without kitchens) in the hotel were
rented by social services, private (SAMU
social) and municipal (Aide
Sociale à l'Enfance), to house homeless persons, including many
single mothers and their children, immigrants from Tunisia, Senegal, Côte
d'Ivoire, and Portugal. A few of the injured, from France, Ukraine, and
the US, are neighbors who suffer from smoke inhalation.
2004
Khalil Naimi, first secretary of the Iranian Embassy in Baghdad,
Iraq, near which he is shot in the head while in his car.
2003
Zachary Bennet, 5, with ruptured liver, rib fractures, and bleeding
on the brain, from beating by his father, Lamont Bennet, 28, in Key West,
Florida. The Florida Department of Children and Families had improperly
placed Zachary with his father in August 2002 after the boy's mother had
abandoned him. Lamont Bennett's criminal record includes convictions for
selling cocaine, stalking, and domestic violence, which the case worker
and supervisor had failed to discover, due to not following proper procedures.
2003 Israelis Zachar Chanukayev and Ahmed
Kra, by hand grenades and automatic weapon fire from Mohammed
Yunis, 18, Jabaliyah refugee camp Hamas member, who is then killed
by Israeli security agents, at the Karni terminal, where goods move between
Israel and the Gaza Strip. Chanukayev, 39, from Sderot, was a fork-lift
driver at the terminal. Ahmed Kra, 20, was a truck driver from Shoefat.
2003 Israeli Lt. Daniel Mandel, 24, and
Hamas activist Mazen Sharitah, who comes out firing a pistol
out of the Nablus, West Bank, building which the Israeli Nahal force had
surrounded and out of which the two other Hamas activists there had just
surrendered. Two Israeli soldiers are wounded.
2003 Abdel-Hamid
Abu el-Eish, an Islamic Jihad commander, by rockets fired from
an Israeli army watchtower in Rafah, West Bank.
 2003
Fourteen Iraqis, shot by US Marines in Mosul. A crowd of some 3000
had started throwing stones during a speech by Mashaan al-Juburi, who claimed
to be the new governor and who is disliked by many because of his past as
a journalist for the newspaper of Saddam Hussein's Baath Party. Some 130
US Marines were trying to secure a government building for use as a meeting
center. Some people in the crowd start shooting weapons into the air (according
to the Marines). The Marines feel threatened and shoot into the crowd. Some
20 Iraqis are wounded.
2002 Jackson Carr, 6, [photo >]
by a puncture wound in the neck inflicted by his 15-year-old sister while
his 10-year-old brother holds him down, in north Dallas suburb Lewisville.
The two then bury the body in mud about 30 m from the family's home in the
500 block of Barfknecht, in a wooded area where it is found early the next
morning. The two confess. In the evening of 15 April, the brother had told
their parents that he could not find Jackson after a game of hide-and-seek.
2002:: 127 persons aboard an Air China Boeing 767-200 which
crashes into an area of pine trees on Shineo mountain as it was circling
for a second attempt at landing at Gimhae international airport in Pusan,
Korea, 8 km away, closed to domestic traffic because of wind, rain, and
fog. There are 39 survivors. Among the dead are 15 persons who survived
the impact but died in hospitals.
 ^
2002 Byron White.
Byron R. White [1993 photo >]
dies in the morning in Denver, of complications from pneumonia. He
had served on the US Supreme Court for 31 years before retiring in
1993. In the court's history, only eight men served longer. His seat
was filled by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. With White's death, there
are no living former US Supreme Court justices. He had been ill much
of the previous two years.
Appointed
by President Kennedy in 1962, White soon became a dissenter from many
of the court's liberal rulings of the 1960s. Later in his tenure,
he was a consistent, if independent, member of the court's increasingly
conservative majority. A hard-liner on law-and-order issues, White
often spoke for the court in decisions enhancing police authority.
He dissented from the court's 1973 ruling in Roe v. Wade,
which legalized abortion nationwide, and thereafter steadfastly voted
in favor of allowing states to regulate, or even outlaw, abortion.
White's record on other divisive
social issues was mixed. He voted to give federal courts broad power
to order racial desegregation of the nation's public schools, and
often sided with the court's liberal wing in civil rights disputes.
But he later opposed broad use of “affirmative action” to
remedy past discrimination in employment.
White's votes in free-speech and free-press cases were mixed, but
generally he opposed expansive freedom-of-expression rights. He favored
greater governmental accommodation of religion — in ways more
liberal justices considered violations of the constitutionally required
separation of church and state.
His opinion writing reflected his essential character: precise, methodical
and impatient to finish the job. On the bench, the gravelly voiced
White was a tough interrogator of the lawyers who appeared before
the court. His questions were brief and direct, and he had zero tolerance
for the ill-prepared or longwinded.
White's academic record, professional career and the sports pages
show him to have achieved excellence in everything he attempted. The
valedictorian of his high school and University of Colorado class,
White went on to study at Oxford and become a high-honors graduate
of the Yale University Law School.
But to sports fans he was better known as “Whizzer” White,
the football player who won All-America honors and National Football
League stardom.
Throughout his
long judicial career, White was known as one of the high court's clearest
thinkers — a centrist who often provided key votes on divisive
issues. White wrote for the court when it ruled that the Constitution
did not allow news reporters to withhold confidential information
from grand juries. White also authored decisions that struck down
capital punishment for rapists, declared nude dancing to be a constitutionally
protected form of expression, exempted “kiddie porn” from
free-speech protections, and stripped presidential Cabinet members
of the absolute immunity form civil lawsuits they once enjoyed.
White wrote for the court when in 1984
it for the first time carved out a “good faith” exception
to the long-standing rule excluding from criminal trials any evidence
unlawfully seized by police. White said objects seized through police
officers' use of a defective search warrant could be used as trial
evidence.
In a 1976 decision
that proved a serious and lasting setback for civil rights activists,
White's opinion for the court established that discriminatory “intent”
— not just “impact” — must be proved when constitutional
racial bias is charged.
White
was born on 08 June 1917, and but grew up in tiny Wellington,
Colorado, where his father was a lumber dealer and staunch Republican
mayor. He attended public schools there, and went on to the University
of Colorado. Despite part-time work and his involvement in three sports,
White finished first in the 267-member class of 1938. By the end of
his senior year, White was the best-known collegiate football player
in the nation — a runner, passer and punter of unmatched accomplishments.
He became the highest-paid professional football player in 1938 when
the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers offered him $15'800
for a one-year contract. He postponed his studies at Oxford to become
the league's leading rusher in the 1938-39 season. The next season
he again topped all league rushers as a member of the Detroit Lions. |
2001 Canan Kulaksiz, 19, on 137th day of hunger strike,
at the home of another hunger striker in Istanbul. In Turkey about 250 leftist
inmates and several of their relatives started hunger strikes several months
earlier to protest their transfers in December from large dormitory-style
wards (which made prison riots easier) to one- or three-person cells. that
left 30 inmates and two soldiers dead in December 2000. Kulaksiz' uncle,
Mehmet Kulaksiz, a member of the outlawed Revolutionary People's Liberation
Party-Front, was among the prisoners injured in the clashes.
^
1998 Pol Pot, 73,
the architect of Cambodia's killing fields, dies of apparently natural
causes while serving a life sentence imposed against him by his own
Khmer Rouge.
The Khmer Rouge,
organized by Pol Pot in the Cambodian jungle, advocated a radical
Communist revolution that would wipe out Western influences in Cambodia
and set up a solely agrarian society. In 1970, aided by North Vietnamese
and Viet Cong troops, Khmer Rouge guerrillas began a large-scale insurgency
against Cambodian government forces, soon gaining control of nearly
a third of the country. By 1973, secret US bombings of Cambodian territory
controlled by the Vietnamese Communists forced the Vietnamese out
of the country, creating a power vacuum that was soon filled by Pol
Pot's rapidly growing Khmer Rouge movement.
In April 1975, the Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh, the Cambodian
capital, overthrew the pro-US regime, and established a new government,
the Kampuchean People's Republic. As the new ruler of Cambodia, Pol
Pot quickly set about transforming the country into his vision of
an agrarian utopia. The cities were evacuated, factories and schools
were closed, and currency and private property was abolished. Anyone
thought to be an intellectual, such as someone who spoke a foreign
language, was immediately killed. Skilled workers were also killed,
in addition to anyone caught in possession of eyeglasses, a wristwatch,
or any other modern technology. In forced marches punctuated with
atrocities from the Khmer Rouge, the millions who failed to escape
Cambodia were herded onto rural collective farms. Between 1975 and
1978, an estimated two million Cambodians died by execution, forced
labor, and famine.
In 1978,
Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia, capturing Phnom Penh in early
1979. A moderate Communist government was established, and Pol Pot
and the Khmer Rouge retreated back into the jungle. In 1985, Pol Pot
officially retired, but remained the effective head of the Khmer Rouge.
In 1997, he was put on trial by his own Khmer Rouge after an internal
power struggle ousted him from his leadership position. Sentenced
to life imprisonment by a "people's tribunal," which critics derided
as a show trial, Pol Pot later declared in an interview, "My conscience
is clear." Much of the international community hoped that his captors
would extradite him to stand trial for his crimes against humanity,
but he died of apparently natural causes while under house arrest
in 1998. |
1997:: 343 peregrinos musulmanes, en un incendio
producido en un campamento de La Meca, causado por una bomba de gas para
cocinar. Hay unos 2000 heridos.
1989:: 95 people in a crush
of soccer fans at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England. —
Mueren noventa y cinco personas en el estadio británico de
Sheffield, tras la irrupción de más de 2000 hinchas a los
seis minutos del partido entre los equipos de Liverpool y Nottingham, en
la semifinal de la Copa inglesa.
^
1989 Hu Yaobang,
the deposed reform-minded leader of the Chinese Communist Party.
Six days later some 100'000 students
gathered at Beijing's Tiananmen Square to commemorate Hu and voice
their discontent with China's authoritative Communist government.
The next day, an official memorial service for Hu Yaobang was held
in Tiananmen's Great Hall of the People, and student representatives
carried a petition to the steps of the Great Hall and demanded to
meet with Premier Li Peng. The Chinese government refused such a meeting,
leading to a general boycott of Chinese universities across the country
and widespread calls for democratic reforms.
Ignoring government warnings of violent suppression of any mass demonstration,
students from more than forty universities began a march to Tiananmen
on 27 April. The students were joined by workers, intellectuals,
and civil servants, and by mid April over a million people filled
the square, the site of Communist leader's Mao Zedong's proclamation
of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
On 20 April, the government declared martial law in Beijing,
and troops and tanks were called in to disperse the dissidents. However,
large numbers of students and citizens blocked the army's advance,
and by 23 April, government forces had pulled back to the outskirts
of Beijing. On 03 June, with negotiations to end the protests
stalled and calls for democratic reforms escalating, the troops received
orders from the Chinese government to reclaim Tiananmen at all cost.
By the end of the next day, Chinese troops had forcibly cleared Tiananmen
Square and Beijing's streets, killing hundreds of demonstrators and
arresting thousands of protestors and other suspected dissidents.
In the weeks after the government
crackdown, an unknown number of dissidents were executed and hard-liners
in the government took firm control of the country. The international
community was outraged at the incident, and economic sanctions imposed
by the United States and other countries sent China's economy into
decline. However, by late 1990, international trade had resumed, thanks
in part to China's release of several hundred imprisoned dissidents.
|
^
1986 Baby Qaddafi,
15-months-old, and 36 other Libyans, by US bombs.
Without any declaration of war, the
United States launches air strikes against Libya in retaliation for
the Libyan sponsorship of terrorism against US troops and citizens.
The raid, which began shortly before 02:00 (Libya time = 00:00 UT),
involved more than 100 US Air Force and Navy aircraft, and was over
within an hour. Five military targets and "terrorism centers" were
hit, including the home tent of Libyan dictator Muammar al-Qaddafi.
During the 1970s and '80s, Qaddafi's
government financed a wide variety of Muslim and anti-US and anti-British
terrorist groups worldwide, from Palestinian guerrillas and Philippine
Muslim rebels to the Irish Republican Army and the Black Panthers.
In response, the US imposed sanctions against Libya, and relations
between the two nations steadily deteriorated. In 1981, Libya fired
at a US aircraft that passed into the Gulf of Sidra, which Qaddafi
had claimed in 1973 as Libyan territorial waters. That year, the US
uncovered evidence of Libyan-sponsored terrorist plots against the
United States, including planned assassination attempts against US
officials and the bombing of a US-embassy-sponsored dance in Khartoum,
Sudan.
In December 1985, five
American citizens were killed in simultaneous terrorist attacks at
the Rome and Vienna airports. Libya was blamed, and US President Ronald
Reagan ordered expanded sanctions and froze Libyan assets in the United
States. On 24 March, US and Libyan forces clashed in the Gulf
of Sidra, and four Libyan attack boats were sunk.
Then, on 05 April, terrorists bombed the West Berlin La Belle
discotheque (dance hall) known to be frequented by US servicemen.
One US serviceman and a Turkish woman were killed, and more than 200
people were wounded, including 50 other US servicemen. US intelligence
reportedly intercepted radio messages sent from Libya to its diplomats
in East Berlin ordering the 05 April attack on the LaBelle discotheque.
On 15 April, the United
States strikes back with dramatic air strikes against Tripoli and
Banghazi. The attacks were mounted by 14 A-6E navy attack jets based
in the Mediterranean and 18 FB-111 bombers from bases in England.
Numerous other support aircraft were also involved. France refused
to allow the F-111s to fly over French territory, which added 2600
total nautical miles to the journey from England and back. Three military
barracks were hit, along with the military facilities at Tripoli's
main airport and the Benina air base southeast of Benghazi. All targets
except one were reportedly chosen because of their direct connection
to terrorist activity. The Benina military airfield was hit to preempt
Libyan interceptors from taking off and attacking the incoming US
bombers.
Even before the operation
had ended, President Reagan went on national television to discuss
the air strikes. "When our citizens are abused or attacked anywhere
in the world," he said, "we will respond in self-defense. Today we
have done what we had to do. If necessary, we shall do it again."
Operation El Dorado Canyon,
as it was code-named, was called a success by US officials. Qaddafi's
15-month-old adopted daughter was killed in the attack on his residence,
and two of his young sons were injured. Although he has never admitted
it publicly, there is speculation that Qaddafi was also wounded in
the bombing. Fire from Libyan surface-to-air missiles and conventional
anti-aircraft artillery was heavy during the attack, and one F-111,
along with its two-member crew, were lost in unknown circumstances.
Several residential buildings were inadvertently bombed during the
raid, and 15 Libyan civilians were reported killed. The French embassy
in Tripoli was also accidentally hit, but no one was injured.
Later in the day, Libyan patrol boats
fired missiles at a US Navy communications station on the Italian
island of Lamedusa, but the missiles fell short. There was no other
major terrorist attack linked to Libya until the 1988 bombing of Pan
Am 747 over Lockerbie, Scotland. All 259 passengers and crew of that
flight were killed, and 11 people on the ground perished. In 1999,
Qaddafi, seeking to lead Libya out of its long international isolation,
agreed to turn over to the West two suspects wanted for the Lockerbie
attack. In response, Europe lifted sanctions against Libya. The United
States maintained sanctions, even after one of the Lockerbie suspects
was convicted in 2001. |
1986 Jean Genet, French writer.
1980
Jean-Paul
Sartre, of edema of the lung, French existentialist philosopher,
novelist, playwright, biographer, essayist, born on 21 June 1905.
1980 Jorge Caballero, un joven de la CNT (Confederación
Nacional del Trabajo), asesinado en la Gran Vía de Madrid por un
grupo de presuntos ultraderechistas.
1974 Hamani Diori,
presidente de Níger, en un golpe militar.
1956 Emil
Hansen “Nolde”, German Expressionist
painter born on 07 August 1867. — MORE
ON NOLDE AT ART “4” AUGUST
with links to images.
1942 José Moreno Carbonero,
pintor español.
 1942
The Victims of the 6th and Last Day of the Bataan Death March
^top^
Five
days before, one day after the surrender of the main Philippine island
of Luzon to the Japanese, the seventy-five thousand American and Filipino
troops captured on the Bataan Peninsula had begun a forced march to
a prison camp near Cabanatuan. During this infamous trek, known as
the "Bataan Death March," the prisoners are forced to march 140 km
in six days with only one meal of rice during the entire journey.
By the end of the march, which was punctuated with atrocities by the
Japanese guards, over five thousand Americans and many more Filipinos
died.
The day after Japan bombed
the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, the Japanese invasion of the Philippines
began. Within a month, the Japanese had captured Manila, the capital
of the Philippines, and the US and Filipino defenders of Luzon were
forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. For the next three months,
the combined US-Filipino army, under the command of US General Jonathan
Wainwright, held out impressively despite a lack of naval and air
support.
Finally, on 07 April,
with his army crippled by starvation and disease, Wainwright began
withdrawing as many troops as possible to the island fortress of Corregidor
in Manila Bay. However, two days later, seventy-five thousand Allied
troops were trapped by the Japanese and forced to surrender.
The next day, 10 April 1942, the
Bataan Death March began, resulting in the deaths of over a third
of the prisoners. Of those who survived to reach the Japanese prison
camp near Cabanatuan, few lived to celebrate US General Douglas MacArthur's
liberation of the Philippines in early 1945.
In the Philippines, homage is paid to the victims of the Bataan Death
March every April on Bataan Day, a national holiday that sees large
groups of Filipinos solemnly rewalking parts of the death route. |
1938 César Abraham Vallejo, poeta peruano.
1935 Anna Kirstine Brøndum Ancher, Danish painter born
on 18 August 1859. — MORE
ON ANCHER AT ART “4” AUGUST
with links to images.
1929 Torcuato Luca de Tena,
escritor español fundador del diario ABC.
1925
John Singer Sargent, US painter specialized in portraits, who died
on 12 January 1856. — MORE
ON SARGENT AT ART “4” JANUARY
with links to images.
^
1920 F.A. Parmenter,
and Alessandro Berardelli,
murdered
In South Braintree, Mass.,
F.A. Parmenter, paymaster of a shoe factory, and Alessandro Berardelli,
the guard accompanying him, are murdered to get the payroll that they
were carrying.
On 05 May
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two Italian
anarchists who had immigrated to the United States in 1908, one a
shoemaker and the other a fish peddler, are arrested for the crime.
On 31 May 1921, they were brought to trial before Judge Webster
Thayer of the Massachusetts Superior Court, and on 14 July both
were found guilty by verdict of the jury. Socialists and radicals
protested the men's innocence. Many people felt that there had been
less than a fair trial and that the defendants had been convicted
for their radical, anarchist beliefs rather than for the crime for
which they had been tried. All attempts for retrial on the ground
of false identification failed. On 18 November 1925, one Celestino
Madeiros, then under a sentence for murder, confessed that he had
participated in the crime with the Joe Morelli gang. The state Supreme
Court refused to upset the verdict, because at that time the trial
judge had the final power to reopen on the ground of additional evidence.
The two men were sentenced to death on 09 April 1927.
A storm of protest arose with mass
meetings throughout the US. Governor Alvan T. Fuller appointed an
independent advisory committee consisting of President A. Lawrence
Lowell of Harvard University, President Samuel W. Stratton of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Robert Grant, a former
judge. On 03 August 1927, the governor refused to exercise his
power of clemency; his advisory committee agreed with this stand.
Demonstrations proceeded in many cities throughout the world, and
bombs were set off in New York City and Philadelphia. Sacco and Vanzetti,
still maintaining their innocence, were executed on 23 August
1927. Opinion has remained divided on whether Sacco and Vanzetti were
guilty as charged or whether they were innocent victims of a prejudiced
legal system and a mishandled trial. Some writers have claimed that
Sacco was guilty but that Vanzetti was innocent. There is widespread
agreement, however, that the two men should have been granted a second
trial in view of their trial's significant defects. In 1977 the governor
of Massachusetts, Michael S. Dukakis, issued a proclamation stating
that Sacco and Vanzetti had not been treated justly and that no stigma
should be associated with their names.
Two
security guards are killed during a mid-afternoon armed robbery of
a shoe company in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Out of this rather
unremarkable crime grew one of the most famous trials in American
history and a landmark case in forensic crime detection. Both Fred
Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli were shot several times as they
attempted to move the payroll boxes of their New England shoe company.
The two armed thieves, identified by witnesses as "Italian-looking,"
fled in a Buick. The car was found abandoned in the woods several
days later. Through evidence found in the car, police suspected that
a man named Mike Boda was involved. However, Boda was one step ahead
of the authorities, and he fled to Italy. Police did manage to catch
Boda's colleagues, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, who were
each carrying loaded weapons at the time of their arrest. Sacco had
a .32 caliber handgun-the same type as was used to kill the security
guards-and bullets from the same manufacturer as those recovered from
the shooting. Vanzetti was identified as a participant in a previous
robbery attempt of a different shoe company.
Sacco and Vanzetti were anarchists, believing that social justice
would come only through the destruction of governments. In the early
1920s, mainstream America was starting to develop a fear of communism
and radical politics. Sacco and Vanzetti, recognizing the uphill battle
ahead, tried to put this fear to their advantage by drumming up support
from the left wing with claims that the prosecution was politically
motivated. Millions of dollars were raised for their defense by the
radical left around the world. US embassies were even bombed in response
to the Sacco-Vanzetti case. The well-funded defense put up a good
fight, bringing forth nearly 100 witnesses to testify on the defendants'
behalf. Ultimately, eyewitness identification wasn't the crucial issue;
rather, it was the ballistics tests on the murder weapon. Prosecution
experts, with rather primitive instruments, testified that Sacco's
gun was the murder weapon. Defense experts claimed just the opposite.
In the end, on 14 July 1921,
Sacco and Vanzetti were found guilty and sentenced to die. However,
the ballistics issue refused to go away as Sacco and Vanzetti waited
on death row. In addition, a jailhouse confession by another criminal
fueled the controversy. In 1927, Massachusetts Governor A. T. Fuller
ordered another inquiry to advise him on the clemency request of the
two anarchists. In the meantime, there had been many scientific advances
in the field of forensics. The comparison microscope was now available
for new ballistics tests and proved beyond a doubt that Sacco's gun
was indeed the murder weapon. A defense expert was even reported to
have remarked upon seeing the new results, "Well, what do you know
about that?"
Sacco and Vanzetti
were executed in August 1927, but even the new evidence didn't completely
quell the controversy. In October 1961, and again in March 1983, new
investigations were conducted into the matter, but both revealed that
Sacco's revolver was indeed the one that fired the bullet and killed
the security guards. |
|
2004
Parliamentary elections in South Korea, won by Uri party which supports
President Roh Moo-hyun, whose 12 March 2004 impeachment is being reviewed
by the Constitutional Court.
—
— 
— Darahíja
Bielorùsy! Chrystos uvaskrós! Sapraudý uvaskrós!
— 
— Xristos v'zkrese, naistina v'zkrese — Sretan Uskrs. Kristus
vstal mrtvých. Pokoj vàm. — Zalig Pasen in de vreugde
van de Heer! Bedankt voor de bloemen uit Nederland die ook dit jaar de viering
op het Sint Pietersplein opluisteren. — A blessed Easter in the Joy
of Jesus Christ, the Risen Lord and Savior of the world! — Felician
Paskon en Kristo resurektinta. — Kristus on surnuist üles tyusnud.
Siunattua Pääsiäistä. — Bonne fête de Pâques, dans la joie et la paix
du Christ ressuscité! — Frohe und gesegnete Ostern! Der Friede des
Auferstandenen sei mit euch! Krisztus feltamadott, Alleluja. — Selamat
Paskah. Beannacht na Câsga dhuibh go lêir. — Buona Pasqua
a voi, uomini e donne di Roma e d’Italia! Il messaggio di fraternità e di
pace, che ogni anno in questo giorno si rinnova con vigore, si diffonda
in ogni parte dell’amata Penisola italiana e rechi dappertutto gioia e serenità.
Il Signore risorto con la sua presenza sia di sostegno a voi tutti: ai bambini
ed agli adulti, ai giovani ed agli anziani, alle famiglie e alle comunità,
ai responsabili delle pubbliche amministrazioni e a quanti operano al servizio
del prossimo. Rechi conforto specialmente agli ammalati e a quanti soffrono
fisicamente o spiritualmente. A tutti e a ciascuno ripeto con affetto: Buona
e Santa Pasqua! — Pásika nzíza / Umúnezéro n'ámahoro Krístu jarazútse.
— Ntimuíhebúre! Pásika Nzíza Mwése! Yézu Yazútse. — In Eius resurrectione
vita omnium resurrexit. Alleluja! — Priecîgas lieldienas —
Linksme Szwentu Welìku; Prisikelias Krystus wisiems tesuteikia Dziaugsmo
ir Ranzibis! — Frou a geseent Ouschteren.— 
—
Arahaba Tratry Ny Paka. — L-Ghid it-tajjeb ghall-poplu kollu ia'Multu
u ta'Ghawdex. — Maligajang pagkabuhay ni Kristo. — Chrystus zmartwychwstal.
Alleluja! W tym radosnym dniu, zycze wszystkim moim Rodakom, aby ta zbawcza
prawda umacniala ich wiare, budzila nadzieje i ozywiala braterska milosc.
Niech stale towarzyszy wszystkim swiatlo wielkanocnego poranka. — Feliz
e Santa Pácoa em Cristo, Redentor do homem e nossa paz. Ao Brasil, que celebra
os quinhentos anos do seu descobrimento, exprimo meus votos de felicidades,
invocando as Bênçãos de Deus! — O Jsus si ustilo! Lachi Patrâci!
— Serdechno mozdravlyayu vsex so svetlym prazdnikom Voskreceniya Xristova.
Xristos Voskrese! — Wjesowe Jutry! Chrystus z mortwych stanyl, halleluja!
— Xristos vaskrse! — Milostiplné a rahostné velkonochné
sviatky. — Blagoslovljene velikonochne praznike — Felices Pascuas
en la alegría de Cristo Resucitado. — Heri na baraka zangu kwa sikukuu
ya Pasaka kwenu wote. — Glad Pàsk. — Paskalya vesilesi ile sizlere
de esenlik dolu günler dilerim. — Xristos Boskres! Veselix. Svyat v
Voskresiniyak Xristovim! — Mu'ng lé phu,c sinh.
In the disaster's aftermath, the first International Convention for Safety
of Life at Sea was held in 1913. Rules were adopted requiring that every
ship have lifeboat space for each person on board, and that lifeboat drills
be held. An International Ice Patrol was established to monitor icebergs
in the North Atlantic shipping lanes. It was also required that ships maintain
a 24-hour radio watch.