ART 4
2-DAY 26 May
v.8.40 |
| DEATH:
1902 CONSTANT |
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Born on 26 May 1810: Christen
Schjellerup Købke, Danish Realist
painter who died on 07 February 1848. — He is the most internationally renowned Danish painter and, with his teacher, Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, was one of the leading artists of the Danish 'golden age' of painting in the 1830s and 1840s. The son of a baker, entered art school in Copenhagen at age eleven and studied there for ten years. He continued studying both with a teacher and from nature, first making sketches outdoors and later reworking them into oil paintings in his studio. Købke combined an interest in light and atmosphere with an appreciation for Denmark's medieval monuments to create solemn architectural silhouettes. He also painted charming and intimate portraits of his family, friends, and fellow artists. In 1838 Købke took his first trip abroad, visiting Dresden and Italy. Allying himself with the classical tradition of landscape painting inspired by Claude Lorrain, whom he greatly admired, he began altering small details to achieve sweeping, panoramic compositions. Upon his return home, his Italian scenes found little favour. Despite his talent and the praise of various contemporaries, Købke was never inundated with commissions. When he applied for admission to the prestigious Academy of Art in Copenhagen in 1846, he was rejected. He died of pneumonia two years later, and the Danish public paid little notice. At the end of the 1800s, scholars and the public began to appreciate Købke, leading to his current reputation as the most internationally renowned Danish painter of his generation. He is most famous for his intimate depictions of familiar landmarks in Copenhagen and North Zealand, notably Frederiksborg Castle, near Hillerod. The skill with which he rendered architectural silhouettes and the light of the Danish sky has won him great acclaim. His charming and intimate portraits of family, fellow artists and friends are among the best examples of Nordic portrait painting. — Lorenz Frølich was a student of Købke. — Portrait of Købke (373x219pix, 16kb) LINKS The View of the Plaster Cast Collection at Charlottenborg Palace (1830) Frederik Sødring (26 May 1832, 42x38cm; 1005x877pix, 134kb) _ Frederik Hansen Sødring [31 May 1809 – 18 Apr 1862] was a painter and a friend of Købke. They both were renters in a rooming house on Toldbodvej Street and shared a studio on the third floor. On Købke's 22nd birthday he made the portrait to give as a 23rd birthday present to Sødring. _ Christen Købke havde som elev af Eckersberg lært, hvordan man kunne skabe luft og rum omkring en figur og forstærke illusionen om virkeligheden ved at anvende det klart definerede dagslys. Disse erfaringer brugte han bl.a. i sit portræt af Landskabsmaleren Frederik Sødring. Det er signeret på Købkes 22-års fødselsdag den 26. maj 1832 og givet som venskabsgave på den portrætteredes 23-års fødselsdag fem dage senere. De to delte på det tidspunkt atelier på Toldbodvej, nuværende Esplanaden. Sødring har taget sin fine brokadevest på - ikke et udpræget malerkostume - men jakken har han dog taget af. Han sidder skødesløst henslængt, idet han et øjeblik har afbrudt sit arbejde ved staffeliet. Tidens kunstneriske idealer er antydet ved kobberstikkene, der pryder væggen bag Sødring: en ko, der viser interessen for det nederlandske dyremaleri, og antikke romerske bygningsværker som en henvisning til den by, der var drømmenes mål for alle unge kunstnere i den periode. Billedet handler således først og fremmest om kunstnerens metier, og det knytter sig endvidere til en række kunstnerportrætter, som eleverne på Kunstakademiet malede i 1820erne og 1830erne. Billedets umiddelbare, lysende friskhed og dets fine, beherskede kolorit har givet billedet rang af et af de betydeligste værker i dansk guldaldermaleri. — A game at the castle's gate (600x724pix _ ZOOM to 1400x1689pix) — Rooftop of Fredericksburg Castle with a view of the lake, the town, and the forest (600x576pix _ ZOOM to 1400x1344pix) Frederiksborg Castle Seen from the Northwest (1836) View of Lake Sortedam (1838) View of Østerbro from Dosseringen (1838; _ ZOOM to 1400x1764pix) _ This is one of the most famous images of the “Golden Age “ of Danish painting Two women on a small wooden pier watch a rowing boat out on a lake. Their stillness and the evening light imbue the painting with a romantic melancholy. One senses a parting , though it is not started. Most of Købke's pictures were painted close to his own home. This view is taken from the western end of the lake of Sortedamssøen on the outskirts of Copenhagen. Købke's home at Blegdammen was just behind the tree-covered spit of land projecting into the lake at the centre of the picture. His preparatory sketch was painted in full sunlight and the melancholy evening mood has been achieved without moving the source of light from the south. In defiance of nature, Købke added a greenish tint to the sky and reddish-purple to its reflection in the water below. He also included the flag pole and the Danish flag tossing in the light breeze. Flying the national flag became popular in the 1830s because of a resurgence of patriotic feeling. The monarchy , however, disapproved and in 1834 private individuals were banned from flying the flag. Købke's painting indicates that the ban was not respected. — Parti af Østerbro (1836) _ This is a view of a street in Copenhagen in the morning light. It was painted only a few hundred meters away from the preceding picture, at the other end of the lake. It is early morning on the road through the hamlet of Østerbro. Fishwives with billowing green skirts have paused to they carry the catch in to market. Cows are ambling in the opposite direction to spend their day on the common. A peasant family in their best clothes are on their way into town in a cart drawn by two white horses with a load of hay in the back.. Købke has bathed the scene in the grey luminous light characteristic of his country, while pale morning sunlight picks out a variety of features, notably the brilliantly drawn cow skidding with fear in front of the oncoming cart. The artist's grandfather had a bakery at the end of the road which was burned down during the British bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807. His father worked as a baker in the citadel and the building features prominently in Købke early work. In 1833 his father moved the bakery out to Blegdammen, a short walk to the left of the road in this picture. |
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Born on 26 (25?) May 1868: Jules
Alexandre Grün, French painter, illustrator, and poster
artist who died on 15 February 1934. Grün was born in Paris, on 25 (26?) May 1868. He died of Parkinson's Disease, although the date of his death is debated. Some sources state that he died on 15 February 1934, while others, such as the Salon de Paris official documents claim 1938. Yet another source claims 1945. Grün was the student of Jean-Baptiste Lavastre, the famed theatrical decorator of the Paris Opera, and of Antoine Guillemet, a renowned landscape painter. Still life, portraits, and scenes of Parisian life were his favorite subjects. In 1890, his illustrations for Xanrof's Chansons sans Gêne (1890) and Chansons à rire (1891) made him the poet of the Bohemian element and the Montmartre atmosphere. His early life is virtually unknown, although we do know many of his accomplishments, as they are well documented in the annals of the Paris Salons and periodicals of the period. One turn of the century publication characterized him as follows: "Whoever sees Grün once will always re-examine it in his spirit: a Frenchman with a beard and a legendary baldness; eyes strangely clear and penetrating, and under the sensual curving nose, a mouth gushing forth with quick wit and good banter." For Grün, life and art merged; he was a painter because he liked the life, and because he needed to express his clear feelings, colored, alive of people and the things around them. As Théophile Gautier said, Grün was "a man for whom the visible world exists". In the mid-to-late 1930s, Grün became stricken with Parkinson's disease, which served to isolate him from society, and greatly diminished his artistic abilities. When he died one of the last of the great Belle Epoque poster artists was taken away from the world. His posters, full of life and of color, contributed largely to the rebirth of the lithography. With Chéret, whose name is inseparable in this field, Jules Alexandre Grün helped transform the scenic landscape of the Parisian streets at the turn of the century. Full and powerful, almost caricatural, and when he desired, delicate and exquisite. Grün, by his love of painting, and by the diversity of his gifts and subjects, was a complete artist. — LINKS — Fin de Souper (1913, 60x90cm; 622x1000pix, 174kb) — People in a Room (60x81cm) — Jean-Louis Forain (33x23cm; 640x459pix, 62kb) _ Forain [23 Oct 1852 – 11 July 1931] was a painter. — Albert Besnard (41x33cm;640x519pix, 68kb) _ Besnard [02 Jun 1849 – 04 Dec 1936] was a painter. 17 prints at Wet Canvas |
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Died on 26 May 1902: Jean-Joseph-Benjamin“-”Constant,
French painter and printmaker born on 10 June 1845, specialized in
Orientalism.
— Benjamin-Constant (as he called himself) was a leading painter of Oriental themes and a teacher of French academic painting. He spent his youth in Toulouse, where he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. A municipal scholarship enabled him to enter the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1866. By the following year he was a student in the Ecole de la Rue Bonaparte under the history painter Alexandre Cabanel, and he competed unsuccessfully for the Prix de Rome in 1868 and 1869. His first Salon exhibit, Hamlet and the King (1869), established his reputation as a colorist. Constant submitted a number of other traditional history paintings, such as Samson and Delilah (1872). During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), however, he traveled to Spain, visiting Madrid, Toledo, Córdoba and Granada, where he came under the influence of the Orientalist painter Mariano Fortuny y Marsal. In 1872 Constant went to North Africa and stayed for two years, during which he was fascinated by the azure skies, colorful costumes and exotic beauty of the Moroccan people. Exotic harem women and dramatic quasi-historical subjects were the mainstay of Constant's output. — Constant's students included Ernest Leonard Blumenschein [26 May 1874 – 1960], Frank Dumond, William Horton, William Kendall, Caroline Lord, Granville Redmond, Guy Rose, Joseph Henry Sharp, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Sears Gallagher, Charles Courtney Curran, António Teixeira Carneiro, Carlos Baca Flor, Pedro Blanes Viale, Robert Brough, Józef Czajkowski, Paul Peel, Maurice Prendergast, Leo Putz, George Agnew Reid, José Veloso Salgado, Aurélia de Sousa, Henry Ossawa Tanner. LINKS — The Entry of Mahomet II into Constantinople (1876 _ ZOOMable to 3390x2487pix, 4086kb) — a different Entrance of Mohammed II into Constantinople (150x100cm _ ZOOMable to 2000x1319pix, 451kb, as above) — Arabian Nights (47x89cm; 528x1000pix, 111kb) — Contemplation (140x 93cm; 1000x648pix, 168kb) — Guarding the Chieftain (61x49cm; 1000x817pix, 260kb) — The Palace Guard with Two Leopards (100x62cm; 1000x585kb, 178kb) — L'Impératrice Théodora Au Colisée (157x133cm, 1189x1000pix, 232kb) — Herodiade (1881, 130x95cm; 1000x733pix, 203kb) — The Throne Room In Byzantium (101x74cm; 1440x1000pix, 247kb) — Paris Welcoming The World (42x66cm) — Mme M. S. Derviz — An Arab Woman (55x45cm) –- Drying Clothes (900x708pix, 39kb) _ Unusual for Constant is this everyday scene of domestic work, the subject of which is a lowly woman. Her direct gaze may be a reflection of changing social perceptions in this period, whereby peasants were portrayed as proud and honest folk. The soft warm tones create an exotic languor which charm the onlooker with a dream of Eastern promise. –- Afternoon Languor (88x70cm; 892x654pix, 85kb) –- Arabe Assis (89x64cm; 892x626pix, 47kb) –- Sur la Terrace (65x102cm; 510x848pix, 82kb) —(070525) |
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Born on 26 May 1878: Spencer
Frederick Gore, English painter who died of pneumonia on
27 March 1914. —
He studied at the Slade School of Fine Art, London (1896–1899), where he
met Harold Gilman, who became a close friend. In 1902 he visited Spain with
another Slade contemporary, Wyndham Lewis, and two years later he visited
Sickert in Dieppe. From that time on his work was influenced by French art,
and Gore learnt much about Degas’s paintings through Sickert’s teaching.
After Sickert’s return to London in 1905 Gore frequently accompanied him
to music halls and made them the subject of several paintings, for example
The Mad Pierrot Ballet, the Alhambra (1905) {Any Gore gore
to be seen?}As a founder-member of the Fitzroy Street Group, Gore came into contact with Lucien Pissarro, whose Impressionist method he adopted in his garden scenes and in The Cricket Match (1909). With Gilman and others he helped found the Allied Artists' Association and was also involved in the formation of the Camden town group in 1911. After seeing Roger Fry's Post-Impressionist exhibitions of 1910 and 1912, he was one of the first Camden Town artists to switch from an Impressionist-based technique to one that comes closer in appearance to stained glass. It is first seen in landscapes he painted at Letchworth in summer 1912, for instance in the insistent pattern-making in The Beanfield; he later gave way to the influence of Cézanne, employing a more complex orchestration of form following his move from Camden Town to Richmond, Surrey, in 1913. In 1912 he directed the mural decorations at the nightclub, ‘The Cave of the Golden Calf’. LINKS — Inez and Taki (41x51cm) _ The title of this picture is the name of a double act Gore saw at the Alhambra Theatre of Varieties in Leicester Square. The couple are playing lyre guitars, an instrument common in the early nineteenth century, but by this date an eccentric choice. Gore was fascinated by the magic of the music hall, and frequently chose unexpected routines as subjects. He went to the theatre several times each week, and made sketches from his seat in the audience. Each composition required many visits to capture the precise moment of the performance. The edge of a balcony is seen here framing the composition, and this unusual perspective increases the odd atmosphere of the scene. — Rule Britannia (1910, 76x63cm) _ Gore was fascinated by the theatre, ballet and music hall, and from his seat in the audience he made sketchbook drawings on which he based paintings. Rule Britannia shows the finale of the immensely popular patriotic ballet Our Flag, which opened at the Alhambra Theatre of Varieties, Leicester Square, in December 1909. It starred the Danish ballerina Britta Petersen, shown here in her Union Jack tutu performing the final dance. Gore emphasises the unusual colors of the stage lighting, contrasted with the dullness of the auditorium. — Ballet Scene (1911, 38x28cm) — Mornington Crescent (1911, 63x76cm) — Applehayes (1909) — Houghton Place (1912, 51x61cm) — Letchworth (1912, 51x61cm) |
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Born on 26 May 1913: Gwendolyn Clarine Knight Lawrence,
US painter and sculptor who died on 18 February 2005. Wife of Jacob
Lawrence [07 Sep 1917 – 09 Jun 2000]. — She was born in Bridgetown, Barbados, the only child of Malcolm Knight and Miriam Knight. Her father died when she was 2. In 1920, she went with a foster family to St. Louis, Missouri, and then to New York City when she was 13. After graduating in 1930 from the Wadleigh High School for Girls, an integrated school in Harlem, she spent two years at the Howard University School of Fine Arts, where she was encouraged by her teachers but had to drop out because of the Depression. Returning to Harlem, she met the sculptor Augusta Savage, who became her mentor and obtained support for her from the Works Progress Administration. While taking classes at the Harlem Community Art Center she met Jacob Lawrence, whom she married in 1941. She followed him when he taught at Black Mountain College in Ashville NC; Brandeis University in Boston; and Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine. In 1949, when Jacob Lawrence was hospitalized with depression, she worked for a time for Condé Nast publications. In the early 1960's, the couple lived in Nigeria, whose native arts influenced Gwendolyn Knight. In 1971, they moved to Seattle, where Jacob Lawrence took a teaching position at the University of Washington School of Art and Gwendolyn Knight had her first one-woman exhibition in 1976. She had long been known as the wife of Jacob Lawrence, a leading visual chronicler of the experience of Blacks in the US, yet she began painting when she was young and was still setting out in new directions in old age. This was evident in her first retrospective, “Never Late for Heaven: The Art of Gwen Knight,” at the Tacoma Art Museum in 2003. Having devoted most of her career to oil portraits of friends, figure studies of dancers, and watercolor and gouache landscapes that seemed to be companion pieces to her husband's work, she suddenly began in the 1990's to draw horses and cats from memory, quick, lyrical sketches rendered as etchings and monoprints. — New Orleans (2002 screenprint, 41x36cm; 473x429pix, 93kb) — (Woman in Armchair?) (242x223pix, 15kb) — Flutist #7 (1981 rough sketch; 400x291pix, 49kb). |
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